Journalist

박세진
Arthur I. Cyr
  • South Korea dispatches chief of staff as Astana readies for regional summit
    South Korea dispatches chief of staff as Astana readies for regional summit SEOUL, April 09 (AJP) - South Korea sent its presidential chief of staff to Central Asia on Wednesday to secure attendance for an inaugural regional summit, moving to lock in vital energy and logistics access. The diplomatic push bypasses traditional military and economic alliances. Instead, the strategy builds directly on an ideological framework established seven months ago during a global interfaith congress, illustrating how modern statecraft increasingly relies on spiritual backchannels to navigate gridlocked global markets. According to a readout from Akorda, the official website of the President of Kazakhstan, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev accepted a formal invitation from Kang Hoon-shik, the special representative for South Korean President Lee Jae Myung, to attend the first Central Asia-South Korea summit in Seoul this September. Securing the inaugural summit The bilateral dialogue highlights a shift in how industrialized economies secure their supply chains. Kang conveyed congratulations regarding a recent constitutional referendum before the discussion pivoted to expanding contacts in the energy and transport sectors. "Your visit is of great importance for the further strengthening of Kazakh-Korean interaction," the Kazakh president told the envoy, adding: "I am confident that through joint efforts, cooperation between our countries will continue to develop steadily." The spiritual groundwork The foundation for Wednesday's agreements was laid last September when delegations from 60 countries gathered for the VIII Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions. Facing an era defined by hybrid warfare, Astana used the summit to produce the Astana Peace Declaration 2025. The Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism operated as a crucial diplomatic vanguard for South Korea. Venerable Jeong-beom, acting on behalf of the order's president, Venerable Jin-woo, offered Seon meditation as a practical foundation for international peace. Venerable Mun-jeong participated in a specialized youth forum. The monastic delegation established the baseline bilateral trust required for subsequent negotiations over hard economic assets. Navigating global markets The September congress deliberately sidestepped theological debates to address the ethical management of artificial intelligence and the moral imperative of combating climate change. The host nation proposed establishing an Interreligious Commission on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. This created a shared humanistic framework that now supports ongoing technological and academic exchanges between the two governments. Embedding these shared values into the broader regional format ensures South Korea's Central Asian strategy is fortified by more than just transactional resource extraction. The synthesis of technological responsibility and cultural dialogue shields the strategic partnership from the volatility of conventional geopolitical rivalries. The IX Congress is scheduled to be held in Astana in 2028. 2026-04-09 10:08:28
  • KAIST researchers and Nobel winner David Baker develop AI protein sensors for cortisol
    KAIST researchers and Nobel winner David Baker develop AI protein sensors for cortisol SEOUL, April 09 (AJP) - Researchers in South Korea have successfully used artificial intelligence to design proteins that can detect specific chemicals, including stress hormones, through a collaboration project between the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and 2024 Nobel laureate David Baker from the University of Washington, the prominent South Korean science institute said Thursday. The study demonstrates a way to create functional biosensors from scratch, a process known as de novo design. Unlike previous methods that relied on modifying proteins already found in nature, this artificial intelligence-driven approach allows scientists to build custom proteins for specific tasks, such as medical testing or environmental monitoring. Specifically, the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) team created a protein that selectively identifies cortisol, a hormone closely linked to stress levels. By turning this protein into a working sensor, the researchers addressed a long-standing technical hurdle: designing proteins that can recognize small, complex molecules with atomic-level accuracy. The technology could eventually lead to new tools for early disease diagnosis by spotting biomarkers in blood samples. It also has potential applications in the real-time monitoring of air and water quality or the development of more targeted medical treatments. To design the proteins, the team developed an AI model that accounts for how amino acids interact with different chemicals. They tested the model by designing six different types of proteins for various drugs and metabolites, verifying the results through laboratory experiments and crystal structure analysis. Lead researcher Lee Kyu-ri joined the KAIST Department of Biological Sciences in February 2025 after working as a staff scientist in the Baker laboratory in the United States. She now leads her own protein design lab, focusing on creating artificial enzymes, sensors, and RNA-recognition proteins. The research was highlighted during a visit by David Baker to the KAIST campus on Thursday. "This research experimentally proves that we can use AI to design proteins that precisely recognize specific compounds," Lee said. "We plan to expand this technology to various fields such as disease diagnosis and the development of new drugs." The project was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) through the InnoCORE program. This initiative is designed to help South Korean researchers collaborate with global experts on advanced AI technologies. KAIST President Lee Kwang-hyung noted that the collaboration with David Baker resulted in a significant achievement for AI-based protein design. The university currently manages several research units focused on aerospace, manufacturing, and drug discovery under the InnoCORE program. (Reference Information) Journal/Source: Nature Communications Title: Small-molecule binding and sensing with a designed protein family Link/DOI: https://bit.ly/4srcGAi 2026-04-09 09:42:50
  • Viet Nam readies financial hub pivot as Hanoi targets high-income status
    Viet Nam readies financial hub pivot as Hanoi targets high-income status SEOUL, April 08 (AJP) - Viet Nam has secured 10 billion dollars in initial investment commitments as it formally launched a dual-hub international finance center, marking a decisive shift from its decades-long reliance on low-cost manufacturing. The project, which anchors operations in Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang, signals the most significant economic restructuring since the Doi Moi reforms of the 1980s. This pivot toward the Viet Nam International Finance Center (VIFC) represents a strategic gambit to escape the middle-income trap that has historically stifled developing economies. By establishing specialized zones, Hanoi aims to modernize its economic architecture and position itself as a sophisticated, technology-driven alternative to established regional nodes. The strategy operates on a one-center, two-hub model designed to leverage the distinct geographic and economic strengths of the nation. Ho Chi Minh City, the commercial engine of the south, is designated as the primary gateway for international capital. Development is concentrated in the Thu Thiem district, which will house investment banks, private equity firms, and venture capital outfits to facilitate cross-border transactions and initial public offerings. In contrast, Da Nang is positioned as a center for green finance and technological innovation. The coastal city will host regulatory sandboxes for fintech, blockchain, and financial artificial intelligence. This division of labor allows Hanoi to target emerging sectors such as renewable energy projects and environmental, social, and governance funds, carving out a niche in the global market. Rather than attempting to replicate the traditional models of Singapore or Hong Kong, officials are pursuing a leapfrog strategy centered on digital assets and the data economy. To attract global institutional players, the government has introduced Decree 323 and Decree 324, which grant the VIFC unprecedented levels of autonomy. These frameworks mandate the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and Basel-compliant risk supervision to ensure institutional stability and transparency. Fiscal incentives for the project are among the most aggressive in Southeast Asia. Priority ventures in fintech, semiconductor technology, and green finance are eligible for a 10 percent corporate income tax rate for 30 years. Other qualifying projects will receive a 15 percent rate for 15 years. To address the need for specialized labor, the state has introduced a golden visa program providing up to 10 years of residency and personal income tax exemptions for international experts. The initiative arrives as global investors seek to diversify portfolios amid shifting supply chains in Asia. South Korean conglomerates and financial institutions in Seoul, which have historically treated the country as a manufacturing base, are now evaluating expanded roles in the burgeoning services sector. The 10 billion dollars in early investment pledges are primarily directed toward aviation finance and digital data infrastructure. The Ministry of Planning and Investment continues to finalize the technical implementation of the regulatory sandbox for digital asset trading. 2026-04-08 15:17:10
  • Pyongyang launches ballistic missile as military posture persists despite diplomatic opening
    Pyongyang launches ballistic missile as military posture persists despite diplomatic opening SEOUL, April 08 (AJP) - North Korea fired a ballistic missile into the East Sea on Wednesday, marking the second consecutive day of weapons testing and signaling that military provocations remain a cornerstone of its regional strategy. The launch follows a reported failure on Tuesday and comes at a volatile moment in inter-Korean relations, effectively dampening hopes for a de-escalation after a rare moment of rhetorical civility between the two capitals. The back-to-back launches disrupt a brief window of diplomatic curiosity that emerged after South Korean President Lee Jae Myung expressed regret over the infiltration of drones into northern airspace. Kim Yo Jong, the influential sister of the North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, responded to the gesture by quoting her brother’s description of the president as a bold and honest man. However, the kinetic reality on the peninsula suggests that while Pyongyang may appreciate a change in tone from Seoul, it has no intention of pausing its march toward advanced strike capabilities or altering its official designation of the South as a primary hostile state. The Joint Chiefs of Staff confirmed the Wednesday morning launch but provided few immediate details as intelligence officials in Seoul and Washington began analyzing the flight data. The move appears to be a direct follow-up to an attempted launch from the Pyongyang area on Tuesday, which South Korean authorities believe ended in failure shortly after liftoff. Such rapid-fire testing is often utilized by the North to verify technical corrections after a setback, ensuring that its missile programs maintain a credible threat profile regardless of the political climate. This cycle of weaponry follows a period of heightened friction. The drone incident, which Pyongyang claimed was a violation of its sovereignty, had initially brought the two nations to the brink of a tactical exchange. The subsequent apology from Lee Jae Myung was seen by international observers as a pragmatic attempt to lower the temperature, a move that Kim Yo-jong’s statement appeared to validate. Yet, the presence of projectiles in the sky less than twenty-four hours after that statement suggests a calculated duality in northern policy. The persistent testing underscores the geopolitical reality that the North has largely abandoned the pursuit of reunification in favor of a two-state doctrine. By continuing its weapons program even after a diplomatic olive branch, the regime demonstrates that its military objectives are decoupled from the fluctuating moods of the Blue House. For Washington, the launches serve as a reminder that the peninsula remains a primary flashpoint, regardless of the domestic political shifts within Seoul. The South Korean military has maintained a heightened state of readiness since the first launch on Tuesday. Officials in Seoul indicated that they are closely monitoring further movements in the North, particularly as the regime often uses these windows of tension to test the resolve of the alliance between the United States and South Korea. The Joint Chiefs of Staff stated that the military is maintaining a full readiness posture while sharing information related to the North Korean launches with American authorities. 2026-04-08 11:12:26
  • New York students explore Seoul through Kookmin University urban mission
    New York students explore Seoul through Kookmin University urban mission SEOUL, April 08 (AJP) - A group of New York City high schoolers navigated the crowded streets and historic landmarks of Seoul on April 4, as part of a competitive cultural exchange hosted by Kookmin University, the prominent institute in Seoul said Wednesday. The program, organized by the university's HUSS Global Coexistence Project Group, challenged 24 students from Bronx Prep and Democracy Prep Endurance high schools to complete an "Amazing Race" style mission alongside local university mentors. The initiative moves away from traditional sightseeing in favor of global service-learning, a model Kookmin University (KMU) uses to teach the Korean language and culture through direct social interaction. By teaming up to solve real-world problems, the participants focused on the practical side of cross-cultural communication. The day began at the KMU campus, where teams plotted routes using Seoul's public transit system to reach major sites like Insadong, Cheonggyecheon, Gwanghwamun, and Gyeongbokgung Palace. Under a three-hour time limit, students had to use their Korean skills to complete specific tasks, such as buying traditional snacks and navigating specific checkpoints, effectively turning the city into a sprawling classroom. KMU student supporters acted as peers rather than traditional tour guides, working with the visitors to bridge language gaps and strategize their movements. This collaborative approach allowed both the American and Korean students to build the rapport and intercultural skills necessary for global citizenship. Lee Dong-eun, Vice Director of the HUSS Global Coexistence Project Group and a professor in the School of Korean Language and Literature, highlighted the educational value of this hands-on approach. "This program is significant as a field-based international exchange where Korean and American youth communicate and cooperate through the medium of Korean language and culture," Lee Dong-eun said. "I hope the students gained an educational experience in realizing the values of global coexistence by making their own decisions and solving tasks within the given conditions." The university intends to build on this success by deepening its ties with international schools. "We plan to continue expanding student-led international exchange programs in connection with overseas educational institutions to foster global talent capable of building a peaceful and sustainable global community," Lee Dong-eun added. The HUSS Global Coexistence Consortium—a partnership between Kwangwoon University, KMU, Sun Moon University, Yeungnam University, and Honam University—has been operating since 2024 with backing from the Ministry of Education and the National Research Foundation of Korea. The group is dedicated to training students to handle complex global issues regarding sustainability and international cooperation. 2026-04-08 10:34:21
  • Turkish police neutralize three gunmen as Istanbul attack targets financial district
    Turkish police neutralize three gunmen as Istanbul attack targets financial district SEOUL, April 07 (AJP) - Turkish security forces killed three gunmen in a high-stakes shootout outside Yapi Kredi Plaza in Istanbul, on Tuesday, thwarting what authorities described as a treacherous assault on the heart of the metropolitan commercial district. The engagement, which left two officers with minor injuries, marks the most direct threat to the financial hub of Besiktas since the regional security environment fractured in late February. This disruption of the status quo on Buyukdere Street signals an aggressive shift in militant tactics as instability from the nearby conflict begins to penetrate the nation's primary economic corridor. The incident began when the assailants, who traveled from the neighboring province of Izmit in a rental vehicle, opened fire on police units stationed near the plaza blocks. The Minister of Interior Mustafa Çiftçi confirmed that investigators have identified the suspects, noting that one maintained ties to a group that exploits religion, while another, a member of a pair of brothers involved in the cell, had a prior criminal record involving narcotics. Istanbul Governor Davut Gul characterized the daytime gunfight as a provocative act aimed at the stability of the city. This security breach arrives as the Eastern Mediterranean grapples with a series of shocks stemming from the war in Iran, which escalated following the initiation of major combat operations on February 28. Since the start of the hostilities, the region has seen a marked increase in militant activity and cross-border tensions that have rattled markets from Washington to South Korea. While Seoul has focused on the safety of energy corridors, Ankara has been forced to bolster its own urban defenses against the ripple effects of the Iranian conflict. The targeting of a major landmark in Istanbul is viewed by security analysts as a direct consequence of the heightened regional friction triggered by the ongoing combat operations to the east. "In the treacherous attack carried out against our police officers on duty in front of Yapı Kredi Plaza Blocks in İstanbul, three assailants were neutralised," said Burhanettin Duran, the presidency's head of communications. Duran emphasized that the "swift and decisive response" of security forces prevented a potentially larger catastrophe. "This heinous attack will never undermine our faith or determination in achieving our goal of a 'Terror-free Türkiye' and a 'terror-free region'," he added, asserting that the state would continue its fight against all threats and provocations with steadfast resolve. Justice Minister Akin Gurlek assigned a deputy chief prosecutor and two assisting prosecutors to oversee the multi-faceted investigation into the cell's origins and potential handlers. Forensic teams remained at the scene to collect ballistic evidence and process the rental vehicle used in the transit from Izmit. Coordination between the prosecutor's office and law enforcement units continues as they attempt to identify potential local support networks associated with the neutralized gunmen. 2026-04-07 22:06:48
  • Washington expands metal tariffs as weight thresholds trigger new duties
    Washington expands metal tariffs as weight thresholds trigger new duties SEOUL, April 03 (AJP) - Washington upended the global household appliance market Thursday (local time) by imposing a flat 25 percent tariff on metal-intensive goods, a move that places South Korea’s leading exporters in a defensive crouch just as a separate pharmaceutical trade wall begins to rise. The new policy, anchored in a Section 232 national security justification, targets any finished product where steel, aluminum, or copper accounts for more than 15 percent of the total weight, a threshold that effectively encompasses the vast majority of premium refrigerators and washing machines exported from Seoul. The fallout is immediate for South Korean brands, which currently command a combined 35 percent share of the American home appliance market. By replacing a fragmented system of duties based on raw material value with a blunt 25 percent tax on the final retail price, the White House has fundamentally altered the math for high-end manufacturing. A flagship French-door refrigerator with a $3,000 price tag now faces a $750 import penalty, a cost that threatens to erase the competitive margins Samsung Electronics and LG Electronics have spent a decade securing. According to data from market research firm Trackline, LG Electronics currently holds a 24.3 percent share of the American refrigerator sector, a position now vulnerable to this sudden shift in trade costs. This pressure on consumer goods arrives alongside a parallel shock in the biotechnology sector. While the United States has moved to impose a 100 percent default tariff on patented pharmaceuticals to dismantle foreign medical dependencies, South Korea has managed to secure a preferential 15 percent rate. This narrow reprieve is the result of the bilateral trade agreement reached in July 2025, which designated South Korea as a trade deal country. However, the path to a zero percent tariff is strictly conditional; Seoul must agree to onshore production facilities and adopt Most Favored Nation pricing to fully escape the duty. For manufacturers in South Korea, the 15 percent weight threshold on appliances creates a technical dilemma that cannot be solved through simple logistics. Most modern laundry and kitchen units rely on steel chassis for durability, meaning that to avoid the 25 percent metal derivative tariff, companies would have to fundamentally redesign their product lines or move their entire assembly operations to American soil. While Samsung Electronics and LG Electronics already operate significant manufacturing plants in South Carolina and Tennessee, those facilities do not yet have the capacity to replace the high-volume imports arriving from overseas hubs. The 180-day grace period offered to smaller firms provides little comfort to these conglomerates, which must reconcile their global production schedules with a July 31 compliance deadline. The White House maintains that these measures are necessary to prevent what it describes as gamesmanship by foreign exporters who have historically underreported the value of metal components. By shifting to a weight-based calculation, Washington is attempting to close loopholes that allowed finished goods to bypass the broader steel and aluminum tariffs of previous years. This effectively forces South Korea to choose between maintaining its domestic industrial base and keeping its share of the American consumer market. The new tariff regime on metal derivatives and pharmaceutical products is scheduled to take official effect on April 6, 2026. 2026-04-03 15:03:50
  • KAISTs student team qualifies for global Mars rover finals in Utah
    KAIST's student team qualifies for global Mars rover finals in Utah SEOUL, April 03 (AJP) - A team of undergraduate students from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (in South Korea has reached the final stage of the world's largest Mars rover competition. This is the first time a team from the university has qualified for the final round of the international event that is designed to spotlight rovers capable of carrying out missions in environments that are similar to Mars. The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) said Friday that team MR2, part of the student robotics club Microrobot Research (MR), secured a spot in the 2026 University Rover Challenge (URC). The team is advised by KAIST's Department of Mechanical Engineering Professor Park Yong-hwa. The URC is an international engineering contest organized by the Mars Society. It takes place at the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah, where the desert environment closely resembles the surface of Mars. Participating students must design and build rovers to complete tasks involving life detection, equipment maintenance, and autonomous driving. A total of 116 university teams from 18 countries entered the preliminary rounds of the competition this year. KAIST MR2 earned 95.38 percent on their evaluation, placing them among the top 38 teams invited to the finals. The result highlights the design and control capabilities of the South Korean undergraduate researchers. The team's rover, named GAP-1000, is a modular vehicle built to operate in extreme conditions. It features a robotic arm with six joints, which allows it to move with a level of flexibility similar to a human arm. This design enables the rover to lift objects weighing more than 5 kilograms and perform delicate repairs on machinery. The vehicle also features an advanced navigation system that combines high-precision satellite positioning with sensors that track the rover's movement and wheel rotation. This allows the GAP-1000 to find the most efficient paths through rocky and difficult terrain without human intervention. A drone relay system ensures the team can maintain a communication link with the rover even when it travels behind obstacles. For its scientific mission, the rover uses a drill to collect soil samples from 10 centimeters below the surface. An onboard laboratory uses chemical tests and light analysis to check for proteins and other biological signs of life in real time. The system is designed to provide immediate feedback on whether a sample contains traces of living organisms. "We handled everything from the initial design to the final production ourselves, and though we faced many challenges, we are happy to be the first team from our school to make it to the finals," said student leader Jeong Myeong-woo. He added that the team will focus on final preparations to ensure a strong performance in the United States. Professor Park Yong-hwa said it was impressive to see the students independently develop a rover for such a harsh environment. He noted that the competition serves as an opportunity to showcase South Korean technical expertise to a global audience. President Lee Kwang-hyung said that having undergraduate students design and build a rover that can compete on the world stage is a significant achievement. He stated that he expects the experience to help the students grow through international competition. The MR2 team consists of 13 students from several departments, including mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and industrial design. The group has finished long-distance testing in outdoor environments and is currently performing final system checks. The finals are scheduled to take place at the MDRS in Utah from May 27 to May 30, 2026. 2026-04-03 09:54:44
  • South Korea seeks emergency funds as war in Middle East threatens economy
    South Korea seeks emergency funds as war in Middle East threatens economy SEOUL, April 02 (AJP) - South Korea's President Lee Jae Myung called for the immediate passage of a massive supplementary budget on Thursday, characterizing the current economic climate as a wartime state. Addressing the National Assembly, the president argued that the 34-day conflict in the Middle East necessitated a total mobilization of government resources. During his speech at the National Assembly, Lee called for a 26.2 trillion-won ($17.2 billion) supplementary budget, warning that any delay in fiscal intervention would cause economic damage to grow exponentially. The president urged lawmakers not to miss the golden time for recovery, emphasizing that taxpayer money must be deployed at the most critical juncture to protect the people's livelihoods. The escalating war in Iran has cornered South Korea, forcing Seoul into a defensive crouch as global energy supply chains fracture. South Korea remains precariously dependent on the Middle East for more than 70 percent of its crude oil imports. This reliance makes the domestic industrial base uniquely vulnerable to disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz, which has now become a no-trespassing zone for cargo and oil carriers. According to data from the Korea Energy Economics Institute, any prolonged instability in the Persian Gulf creates a direct threat to the price of daily essentials. With the conflict showing no signs of abatement, the administration has moved to prioritize energy sovereignty over standard fiscal restraint. This crisis interrupts a period of record-breaking growth for the South Korean industry. The KOSPI index recently breached the 5,000-point threshold on the back of strong semiconductor and shipbuilding exports. However, a sudden lack of raw materials now threatens to stifle that momentum and extinguish the hard-won sparks of national growth. Shortages of naphtha and urea have already begun to impact the production of plastics and fertilizers. This creates a ripple effect touching everything from heavy manufacturing to local agriculture. The president noted that these shortages represent an unexpected, complex crisis that requires an immediate and coordinated response. Seoul has responded by transitioning the entire government apparatus into an emergency economic response system. This includes the implementation of a maximum oil price cap for the first time in 29 years. The move is designed to shield consumers from the surging costs of gasoline and diesel. To mitigate the loss of Iranian supply, the administration has secured 24 million barrels of crude oil through a strategic partnership with the United Arab Emirates. These multi-faceted policies, including financial support for affected businesses, are part of a proactive strategy to guard against the worst-case scenario. "In a state of emergency, literally extraordinary measures are needed," Lee said, adding: "Our government is putting all its effort into overcoming the current crisis with a solemn perception that the livelihood economy is in a wartime situation." The 26.2 trillion won budget is notable for being a debt-free proposal. The government plans to utilize 25.2 trillion won in excess tax revenue—largely generated by the recent boom in the stock and semiconductor markets—alongside 1 trillion won from existing funds. The National Assembly is scheduled to begin its review of the supplementary budget proposal immediately following the presidential address. 2026-04-02 14:38:45
  • President Lee Jae Myung readies transit relief as Iranian conflict squeezes oil lanes
    President Lee Jae Myung readies transit relief as Iranian conflict squeezes oil lanes SEOUL, April 02 (AJP) - In a bid to draft immediate measures to ease public transport crowding, South Korean President Lee Jae Myung has directed the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport on Thursday. The order follows an elevation of the national resource security alert to its second-highest level. Officials have already implemented a mandatory two-day vehicle rotation for public offices, which is expected to push a surge of commuters onto the transit grid. The war in Iran has left South Korea in a strategic bind. Seoul imports more than 70 percent of its crude oil from the Middle East, with the vast majority passing through the Strait of Hormuz. According to the Korea Energy Economics Institute, this heavy reliance makes the domestic economy uniquely vulnerable to supply shocks in the Persian Gulf. This dependency has cornered the administration into aggressive energy conservation, including the restriction of private vehicle use. According to the presidential office, expanding free transit benefits to include city buses for citizens aged 65 and older could be considered as part of Lee's initiative to ease crowding on public transport during commuting hours. While the subway system has long been free for this demographic, bus fares have remained a significant out-of-pocket expense for senior residents. By subsidizing bus travel, The president aims to provide a comprehensive safety net for the elderly while incentivizing a shift away from private vehicle use during the height of the fuel shortage. This directive ends a period of bureaucratic inertia where the transport, health, and environment ministries were engaged in a 'ping-pong' dispute over which department would oversee the new transit policy. By centralizing authority under the transport ministry, the president is framing the expansion of senior benefits as a logistical necessity of the energy crisis rather than a standard welfare debate. The move allows the government to manage the influx of passengers through a unified system that can adjust service frequency in real time. "The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport should take charge and prepare measures to alleviate public transport congestion during commuting hours," Lee said. The ministry is now working to define specific operational hours for the expanded bus benefits and identifying high-density routes that require immediate reinforcement. 2026-04-02 14:08:47