132nd Anniversary of the Donghak Peasant Revolution Celebrated The Donghak Peasant Revolution, which championed the ideals of freedom and equality for all, marks its 132nd anniversary this year. On the morning of May 11, Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism Choi Hwi-young read a written commemorative address from President Lee Jae-myung during the 132nd anniversary ceremony held at the National Museum of Korea. He stated, "Remembering and reviving the spirit of the Donghak Peasant Revolution is essential to establishing our identity." Minister Choi emphasized the importance of continuing efforts to share the historical significance of the Donghak Peasant Revolution with the public and to promote its spirit widely. In his address, Choi noted that the core values of a government based on popular sovereignty resonate with the ideals of the Donghak Peasant Revolution. He explained that the spirit that has persisted through the March 1 Independence Movement, the April 19 Revolution, and the May 18 Democratic Movement has been a driving force in establishing South Korea as a model democratic nation recognized globally. The Donghak Peasant Revolution, which took place in 1894, is recognized as a historical event where people rose against unjust realities and foreign invasions to create a better society. It is acknowledged as the first step toward democracy in South Korea. Consequently, May 11 was designated as Donghak Peasant Revolution Day in 2019. The Donghak Peasant Army achieved its first significant victory against government troops at the Battle of Hwangtohyeon on May 11, 1894. This year's ceremony was held under the slogan "The Donghak Peasant Revolution Becomes Today's Light." It aimed to honor the noble spirit of those who dedicated themselves to the values of freedom and equality and to reinterpret its historical significance in a contemporary context. Approximately 400 attendees included descendants of the revolution participants and members of the national Donghak Peasant Revolution commemorative committee. Shin Soon-cheol, chairman of the Donghak Foundation, and Jeong Tan-jin, head of the descendants' association, will present family registration notices to newly registered descendants this year. A commemorative performance will also take place, featuring a play by the Hanhol Theater Company and the Brillante Children's Choir, which will depict the circumstances of the time based on a letter written by Han Dal-mun, a participant in the Donghak Peasant Revolution, to his mother. Singer Ahn Yeo-eun will perform "Beautiful Country" alongside the children's choir, sharing a message of hope for the future. * This article has been translated by AI. 2026-05-11 11:12:32

Transportation Ministry Investigates Allegations of Bid Rigging in Rest Area Operations The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport announced on May 11 that it has referred officials from the Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) and the CEO of H&DE to law enforcement for investigation regarding the alleged leak of bid information related to the operation rights of rest areas. The ministry revealed on May 7 that its audit, which began in January, uncovered irregularities in profit distribution and favoritism in the bidding process for rest area operations, which contradict the nonprofit purpose of the organization, the Dosheng Association, comprised of KEC retirees. According to the ministry, there are suspicions that bid information was leaked prior to the bidding for the Seonsan (Changwon) rest area, for which H&DE was selected as the project implementer in August of last year. KEC issued the bid announcement for the Seonsan (Changwon) rest area on May 15 of last year. It was confirmed that H&DE reported the status of its research project, bid announcement, and proposal schedule to the board of the Dosheng Association two months earlier, in March. There are also indications of possible price information leaks and collusion among KEC officials and bidding participants. The winning bid price for the Seonsan (Changwon) rest area was determined by averaging the prices submitted by bidders, and H&DE's bid price closely matched the average bid price of other participants. In response, the ministry has referred five individuals to the police for investigation into major bidding irregularities, including four KEC officials involved in the bidding process for the Seonsan (Changwon) rest area and the CEO of H&DE, on charges of bid obstruction and breach of trust, including allegations of favoritism. A ministry official stated, "We plan to actively cooperate with the investigation by providing audit materials and other relevant information."* This article has been translated by AI. 2026-05-11 11:11:12

Growing Need for Economic Cooperation with India: Developing Global Production and Export Hubs Amid increasing calls for enhanced economic cooperation with India, experts have suggested that India’s production base should be developed into a global production and export hub. They also emphasized the need for a sustainable cooperation framework between the two countries through a localization strategy for intermediate goods. On May 11, the Ministry of Trade held an expert meeting chaired by Minister Kim Jeong-kwan to discuss ways to expand economic cooperation with India. This meeting was organized to review the implementation direction of economic achievements following President Lee Jae-myung's state visit to India from April 19 to 21. India, with a population of approximately 1.43 billion, is the world’s sixth-largest economy, with an estimated GDP of around $4.15 trillion. The trade volume between Korea and India stands at about $25 billion annually, with both leaders aiming to increase this to $50 billion by 2030. Additionally, they plan to expedite negotiations to improve the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the two nations. The meeting included experts from major economic research institutions such as the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP), Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade (KIET), Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency (KOTRA), Korea International Trade Association, and Korea Industrial Complex Corporation. They engaged in in-depth discussions on various topics, including plans for establishing dedicated industrial complexes for Korean companies in India, examples of economic cooperation policies from other countries, structural analysis and responses to the trade deficit concerns raised by India regarding Korea, and cooperation strategies in promising sectors. Experts noted that India is emerging as a key production base and promising market amid the global supply chain restructuring. However, they expressed concerns that the market remains challenging for small and medium-sized enterprises due to infrastructure deficits and complex regulations, which create high entry barriers. They highlighted the need to alleviate infrastructure and permitting burdens through the establishment of industrial complexes dedicated to Korean companies, as well as the necessity of restructuring supply chains to focus on local processing and domestic sales of intermediate goods, which contribute to India’s trade deficit. They proposed developing India’s production base into a global production and export hub, particularly in promising sectors, while also advocating for a localization strategy for intermediate goods. The Ministry of Trade plans to actively incorporate the opinions raised during the meeting into policy to enhance the effectiveness of industrial cooperation between the two countries. They also intend to work closely with relevant ministries and agencies to ensure that the outcomes of the state visit are realized promptly. Minister Kim Jeong-kwan stated, "During the summit, we agreed to establish the Korea-India Industrial Cooperation Committee, the first ministerial-level platform for industrial and resource cooperation between our two countries," adding that several investment and cooperation memorandums of understanding (MOUs) were signed in sectors with high cooperation demand, such as shipbuilding and steel. He also acknowledged that, "The current level of economic and industrial cooperation between our countries is still insufficient compared to our potential and expectations," urging participants to provide practical policy recommendations based on field experiences and research outcomes.* This article has been translated by AI. 2026-05-11 11:09:28

Hugel Expands Collaboration with Domestic Medical Professionals to Strengthen Market Leadership "We will create global standards of academic competitiveness and a sustainable industry culture based on deep trust with domestic medical professionals," said Jang Doo-hyun, CEO of Hugel, reaffirming the company's commitment to strengthening its market leadership. According to Hugel, the nationwide academic program 'H.E.L.F. ACT in Region' will be held four times this year, starting in Busan and continuing in Seoul, Incheon, and Daejeon. The first event, held on May 9 at the Signiel Hotel in Busan, was attended by about 50 medical professionals and was described by the company as a success. Jang explained, "This academic program aims to support Korean medical professionals, who are at the forefront of promoting K-Aesthetic culture, and to share clinical value." The 'H.E.L.F. ACT in Region' program goes beyond simple product education; it aims to maximize the safety and efficacy of procedures by sharing clinical experiences. It is designed to enhance understanding of Hugel's main product lines to improve practical application in the field. At the Busan event on May 9, Dr. Choi Woo-sik from Lamar Clinic in Ulsan introduced approaches to facial skin improvement using the Biorezin Skin Booster HA. Additionally, Dr. Oh Wook from Meilin Clinic at The Hyundai Seoul shared unresolved concerns and challenges regarding filler and toxin procedures, engaging in in-depth discussions with attendees. Hugel plans to hold additional events in Seoul, Incheon, and Daejeon in June, September, and December, respectively. Meanwhile, Hugel reported record earnings in the first quarter of this year. According to their announcement, the consolidated revenue for Q1 reached 116.6 billion won, with an operating profit of 47.6 billion won, marking increases of 29.9% and 22.3%, respectively, compared to the same period last year. This strong performance was driven by rapid growth in the global market. The combined overseas sales of their main products, botulinum toxin and fillers, reached 70.8 billion won, a 46% increase year-on-year. Notably, the company recorded approximately 21 billion won in sales growth in the four major markets: the United States, China, Europe, and Brazil.* This article has been translated by AI. 2026-05-11 11:06:01

KOSPI storms past 7,800 on semiconductor rally SEOUL, May 11 (AJP) - South Korea’s main index soared nearly 5 percent Monday morning to scale a fresh peak above the 7,800 mark, powered by bellwether chip stocks and retail investors chasing the latest leg of the AI-driven rally. As of 10:39 a.m., the KOSPI was trading at 7,843.57, with a buy-side sidecar was triggered shortly after the opening bell. The KOSDAQ slipped 0.16 percent to 1,205.81. The surge followed a strong session on Wall Street on Friday, where the S&P 500 and Nasdaq closed at record highs on robust U.S. jobs data and gains in semiconductor shares. U.S. job growth totaled 115,000 in April, beating market expectations and easing concerns that the U.S.-Iran war could spill into a broader economic slowdown. Although U.S. President Donald Trump rejected Iran’s response to a U.S. peace proposal over the weekend, dimming hopes for a near-term end to the Middle East conflict, South Korean investors appeared largely unfazed as attention stayed fixed on global semiconductor demand. Market momentum again rested heavily on chip giants. Samsung Electronics rose 6.33 percent to 285,500 won after briefly touching a record 286,500 won. SK hynix jumped 12.51 percent to 1,897,000 won. Automakers also traded broadly higher, with Hyundai Motor gaining 2.77 percent to 630,000 won and Kia advancing 6.44 percent to 175,100 won. Among other major shares, SK Square climbed 4.46 percent to 1,147,000 won. Shipbuilding and industrial names remained firm, with Samsung C&T rising 5.80 percent to 447,000 won and HD Hyundai Heavy Industries gaining 3.95 percent to 684,000 won. Hanwha Aerospace added 1.22 percent to 1,323,000 won. Battery and biotech shares lagged behind the broader rally. LG Energy Solution slipped 0.73 percent to 473,000 won, while Doosan Enerbility fell 0.54 percent to 128,900 won. Samsung Biologics edged down 0.34 percent and Samsung Electro-Mechanics dropped 3.28 percent. Foreign investors turned sellers, unloading a net 1.29 trillion won worth of KOSPI shares in early trading. Retail investors poured in with 1.05 trillion won in net purchases, extending their feverish buying streak, while institutions bought a net 254 billion won. The Korean won remained stable, with the dollar trading at 1,473.80 won, compared with the previous close of 1,471.70 won. 2026-05-11 11:06:00

Lotte Engineering Secures 300 Billion Won Through AAA-Rated Asset-Backed Securities Lotte Engineering has successfully raised 300 billion won through cash flow from its nearly completed projects. The company has significantly reduced borrowing costs through collaboration with commercial banks, demonstrating its credibility in the capital markets and accelerating its financial restructuring efforts. According to industry sources on May 11, Lotte Engineering recently issued asset-backed securities (ABS) based on construction receivables from projects nearing completion. The ABS consists of two tranches, each worth 150 billion won, with maturities of one year and one year and three months, totaling 300 billion won. Hana Securities and Shin Young Securities acted as joint lead managers, while Samsung Securities and NH Investment & Securities participated as underwriters. The ABS was issued with the highest rating of 'AAA', three notches above Lotte Engineering's own credit rating of A0. This rating reflects the stable cash flow from completed projects, combined with a 150 billion won credit facility from Hana Bank and Lotte Engineering's deposit management, maximizing structural stability. As a result, Lotte Engineering secured funds at significantly lower rates compared to typical corporate bonds or commercial paper (CP). The company plans to use this successful issuance as a stepping stone to diversify its funding sources through similar ABS issuances in the future. Lotte Engineering's proactive funding strategy is attributed to the unique 'funding lag' characteristic of the construction industry. Currently, the company has 20 housing projects scheduled for completion next year, with expected receivables amounting to approximately 2.6 trillion won. Typically, construction companies face concentrated expenditures just before project completion, but significant cash flow is only recovered after the final payments are received post-completion. Since the beginning of the year, Lotte Engineering has been designing a sophisticated securitization structure in collaboration with financial institutions to address this temporary funding demand. The risk of contingent liabilities from project financing (PF) is also showing a clear downward trend. Contingent liabilities, which reached 6.8 trillion won at the end of 2022, have decreased to around 3.1 trillion won in 2025, with a target to reduce them to the low 2 trillion won range this year. Notably, the establishment of a fund for purchasing PF asset-backed securities has helped extend the borrowing structure, alleviating short-term repayment pressures. Financial health indicators are also showing significant improvement. The debt ratio, which was 265% in 2022, has been declining annually and is expected to fall to around 187% by 2025, while reliance on borrowings has also decreased to the 20% range. Lotte Engineering stated, "The successful issuance of AAA-rated ABS is a significant turning point that acknowledges the company's creditworthiness in the market. We aim to achieve a substantial turnaround in our operational performance this year through thorough cash flow management and financial restructuring." The company also plans to accelerate its management normalization based on stable funding. A Lotte Engineering official emphasized, "Successfully completing the issuance of AAA-rated ABS has once again proven the safety of our funding. Under the strengthened financial health framework, we will further enhance the speed of management normalization through profitability-focused business management this year." 2026-05-11 11:04:26

Controversy Erupts Over Wine Substitution at Michelin-Starred Restaurant Mosu A controversy has arisen at the Michelin three-star fine dining restaurant Mosu, operated by Chef Ahn Seong-jae, regarding a wine substitution incident. Eun Dae-hwan, a sommelier formerly with the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, has shared his perspective on the matter. Recently, Eun posted a lengthy message on his social media account. He stated, "Today, Chef Ahn Seong-jae posted a more detailed explanation of the situation. I believe it aligns closely with the unofficial information I had heard, and I was surprised by how much speculation can escalate from mere assumptions." He expressed concern, saying, "More than anything, I worry about the difficult decisions that the staff might have to make. While the service at a restaurant of Mosu's caliber was inappropriate, I have also had moments of panic that led to absurd responses throughout my nearly 30-year career, and I often regret how I handled such situations." Eun acknowledged that while it might be hard for customers to understand, such incidents can occur in the service industry. He speculated, "The pressure on the staff working at a three-star restaurant like Mosu to reclaim their status may have contributed to their bewildering response, which likely left them feeling upset as well." He added, "Of course, the chef is affected by this, but the fact that this incident has gained so much attention is due to his reputation. I hope he can set aside any grievances and encourage the staff to regain their confidence and provide service with assurance. I have known the Mosu manager for a long time and believe that many rumors are unfounded. I wish everyone strength during this time." However, netizens reacted strongly to Eun's post, questioning whether customer deception has become commonplace in the industry. Many expressed skepticism, asking, "Is the pressure so high that they deceived customers? Is this a veiled criticism or a self-destructive team kill? Are all sommeliers like this? It creates a bias against them. Do sommeliers only study wine and not receive customer service training? Is it standard practice to cover up personal mistakes with lies to customers? This seems to be a common occurrence." The controversy began when a customer, identified as A, reported on a Naver cafe that after ordering an expensive wine at Mosu Seoul, a different wine was served. A recounted, "The sommelier explained the wine while holding a bottle from the 2005 vintage, but after tasting it and checking the wine pairing list, I realized that a 2000 vintage had been served instead." In response, Mosu Seoul issued an apology on their official social media account on the 23rd. They stated, "We sincerely apologize for the confusion caused by the lack of accurate information during the wine pairing service on the 19th. We also regret that we did not provide sufficient explanations during the follow-up, which led to significant disappointment. We have reached out to the customer to apologize personally, and while they accepted our apology graciously, we recognize that the process was inadequate given the expectations they had for our restaurant."* This article has been translated by AI. 2026-05-11 11:01:55

KAIST researchers develop stable high-frequency signal technology for 6G and space exploration SEOUL, May 11 (AJP) - Researchers in South Korea have developed a method to generate ultra-stable high-frequency signals using miniature optical chips to improve the reliability of 6G communications and deep-space exploration. The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology said Monday, May 11, 2026. The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) research team, led by Professor Kim Jung-won and Professor Lee Han-seok, used a technology called a micro-comb to produce millimeter-wave signals in the 30 to 300 GHz range. While these high frequencies are necessary for next-generation sensing and radar, they typically suffer from increased noise and instability as the frequency rises. To address this, the researchers synchronized the micro-comb with a precise optical reference signal to ensure consistency over long periods. This process achieved a frequency stability level of 10-18, representing a level of precision where signal fluctuations are almost non-existent over time. The study also utilized a physical state known as a perfect soliton crystal to maintain low noise while extending the signal to higher frequency bands. This approach allowed for a timing precision of 3 femtoseconds, or three quadrillionths of a second, which reduces errors in high-speed data transmission. The technology is expected to enhance data reliability in 6G networks and improve the accuracy of radars used in autonomous driving and defense. It may also facilitate high-resolution astronomical observations, such as the synchronization of signals for black hole research. "This research is significant because it raises the performance of micro-comb-based signal sources to the world's highest level and expands them to high-frequency bands," Professor Kim Jung-won said. He added that the team is currently working to reach frequencies above 300 GHz. Researcher An Chang-min and Professor Kim Jung-won served as lead authors for the studies, which were published in the journals Laser & Photonics Reviews and Optica. (Reference Information) Journal/Source: Laser & Photonics Reviews / Optica Title: Optical-to-microcomb stability transfer for ultrastable timing and microwave/millimeter-wave generation DOI: 10.1002/lpor.71135 Title: Preserving ultralow timing jitter in microcombs with repetition-rate multiplication via perfect soliton crystal formation DOI: 10.1364/OPTICA.581054 2026-05-11 11:00:59

People Power Party Criticizes Lee Over Ship Attack Response People Power Party officials criticized the Lee Jae-myung administration on May 11 for its lack of commitment to protecting citizens' safety and property in light of the recent attack on the HMM Namuho vessel in the Strait of Hormuz.During a Supreme Council meeting at the National Assembly, Jang Dong-hyuk, the party leader, stated, "Lee Jae-myung brought up fake news to attack Israel, yet remains silent after our ship was hit." He emphasized that Iran, which should have been included in the government's initial investigation report on the attack, was notably absent. Jang pointed out that while former President Donald Trump acknowledged the attack, the South Korean government insisted the likelihood of an attack was low. Now that the attack has been confirmed, he criticized the government for refusing to speculate on the assailants.Jang also noted that Iranian state television had reported that a South Korean vessel was targeted. He remarked, "The perpetrator has confessed, yet the victim is being denied." He accused the current administration of having financially supported Iran, suggesting that the funds may have been used to launch the drone that attacked the Namuho.He expressed concern for the safety of the 160 crew members aboard the Namuho, stating, "In this critical situation, the president is posting about real estate on social media at midnight." He questioned, "What exactly is Lee Jae-myung doing?"Regarding the reintroduction of heavy taxation on multiple homeowners, Jang criticized the administration's handling of the real estate crisis, saying, "With no available jeonse (long-term lease) options and soaring monthly rent prices, the president finds one line about allowing gap investment in a sea of articles and posts it on social media at night. There are no answers to the hundreds of articles pointing out the lack of available properties, the disappearance of jeonse, and the skyrocketing rent prices."He added, "The same goes for Jeong Won-o, the candidate for Seoul mayor. No matter how many times I ask about the abolition of heavy taxation, the increase in property taxes, or the elimination of long-term holding tax exemptions, they cannot provide an answer."Jang warned that if Lee and Jeong were to form a coalition, it would mark the peak of the real estate crisis in Seoul, declaring, "This local election is about ending Lee Jae-myung's real estate tyranny in the region."Song Eon-seok, the party's floor leader, commented on the Namuho attack, stating, "The government's response to this critical security issue has been too slow and dismissive." He accused the government and ruling party of focusing more on clearing Lee's name through special investigations than on protecting citizens.Regarding the government's real estate policies, Song noted that aside from a few ultra-luxury apartments in Gangnam, the balloon effect is spreading throughout most of Seoul and surrounding areas like Seongnam, Gwangmyeong, Hanam, and Gwacheon. He pointed out that the supply of jeonse has drastically decreased, while the proportion of monthly rent has reached an all-time high. He warned that if additional property tax increases are pushed through, ordinary citizens will fall into a real estate hell.He added, "Homebuyers without properties are completely blocked from purchasing homes due to loan regulations, and tenants are being pushed into a crisis of jeonse shortages and soaring monthly rents. Those who own homes face tax burdens, while those without homes must endure the collapse of jeonse and the burden of rising monthly rents."* This article has been translated by AI. 2026-05-11 11:00:04

Investing Semiconductor Surplus into AI for Future Growth Kim Yong-beom, head of the Presidential Policy Office, highlighted the potential for unprecedented surplus tax revenue over the next two years, driven by the semiconductor boom. The expansion of industrial profits, particularly from Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix, is expected to lead to increased corporate taxes, higher income taxes from high-income workers, and a rise in trade surpluses, significantly enhancing financial capacity. He also pointed out the structural limitations of existing revenue forecasting methods, which fail to keep pace with industrial cycles, and called for more flexible fiscal management. The core issue here is not merely the increase in tax revenue but the choice of how to allocate the potential surplus. Surplus tax revenues often come with political temptations, leading to competing demands for short-term economic stimulus, cash support, and local business expansion. However, the financial capacity created by the semiconductor boom is characterized more by its volatility as a 'temporary income' rather than a structurally sustainable resource. This necessitates a change in approach. Past experiences illustrate this well. During the semiconductor boom of 2021-2022, surplus tax revenues were generated, but the fiscal response was inadequate, leading to a tax shortfall when the market declined. The structural issue of revenue and budget lagging behind actual industrial cycles has been confirmed. If the same approach is taken this time, the outcomes are likely to repeat. Therefore, this financial capacity should not merely serve as a basis for increased spending but as an opportunity to transform the economic structure. Given that the semiconductor boom is closely linked to the growing demand for artificial intelligence (AI), it is reasonable to reinvest these gains into future industries. Squandering this opportunity on consumer spending would be a significant misstep. The global economy is rapidly shifting toward AI. Data centers, cloud computing, autonomous driving, and robotics all rely on high-performance semiconductors. This semiconductor boom should be viewed not just as a market rebound but as a structural change resulting from the proliferation of AI. This perspective leads to a clear direction. The benefits of the semiconductor boom driven by AI demand should be reinvested into AI and future industries. First, urgent investments in data centers and power infrastructure are needed. The AI industry requires vast amounts of power and computational resources. Global competition is already shifting toward the ability to build data centers and supply power. Without comprehensive infrastructure investments, including transmission networks, power stability, and cooling technologies, the country risks falling behind in competition. Second, continuous investment in talent and research and development (R&D) is essential. Both semiconductors and AI are fields where technological gaps directly translate into national competitiveness. Given the difficulty of catching up in the short term, long-term and stable funding is required. Allocating temporarily secured financial capacity toward future technology accumulation is the most efficient choice. Third, expanding the industrial ecosystem is crucial. The current structure is heavily focused on large corporations. However, the AI era necessitates an ecosystem that connects software, design, equipment, and data industries. Financial resources should be used as a catalyst to encourage private investment. Building a foundation is more effective than direct intervention. Of course, the need for expansionary fiscal policy itself should not be dismissed. The role of fiscal policy in responding to economic fluctuations remains important. However, the direction is key. Expansionary fiscal policies that stimulate short-term consumption are likely to yield only temporary effects. In contrast, a fiscal approach centered on investment in future industries enhances growth potential and strengthens national competitiveness. Another critical point not to overlook is volatility. The semiconductor industry is inherently cyclical. Assuming that the current boom will last indefinitely is risky. Mistaking surplus tax revenue for a structural resource and increasing fixed expenditures could heighten fiscal risks. A balance is needed, where some funds are allocated for future investment while others remain as a buffer for fiscal stability. Kim Yong-beom's emphasis on 'flexible fiscal policy' should be understood in this context. Flexibility means not just increasing expenditures but redesigning the direction and structure of fiscal policy to align with changes in industrial structure. It requires a shift away from mechanically budgeting based on past averages to a strategic fiscal approach that reflects technological changes and industrial trends. Ultimately, it is a matter of choice. Will the potential increase in financial capacity be used for current consumption, or will it be transformed into future competitiveness? It is a judgment call between short-term satisfaction and long-term growth. The semiconductor boom presents a rare opportunity for the South Korean economy. Squandering this opportunity on temporary consumption could make it difficult to seize again. What is needed now is clear. Investing the financial capacity created by the semiconductor boom into AI and future industries is the most realistic and responsible choice.* This article has been translated by AI. 2026-05-11 10:57:54