Korean card issuers are being squeezed as they are pressed to expand mid-rate lending while facing tighter limits on card loans, a key profit driver. The policy mix is forcing companies to grow lower-margin loans and rein in higher-margin products, increasing strain across the industry.
In the first quarter, card issuers’ mid-rate loan originations totaled 2.5708 trillion won, the highest quarterly figure on record, according to the financial sector on Tuesday. The rise contrasted with a declining share of mid-rate loans at commercial banks and a roughly 40% year-on-year drop in originations at savings banks, leaving card issuers as the main lenders expanding this segment.
The increase has been driven largely by regulators’ policy direction. Authorities have repeatedly called for more mid-rate lending to improve access to credit for mid- and low-credit borrowers. As a result, card issuers’ mid-rate loan originations in 2025 rose 43% from a year earlier to 7.9190 trillion won. But profitability remains a concern: mid-rate loans carry relatively lower interest rates and higher risk, limiting returns for card issuers.
At the same time, card loans — a major source of earnings — are under scrutiny. In the first quarter, the outstanding balance of card loans at nine card issuers (Lotte, BC, Samsung, Shinhan, Woori, Hana, Hyundai, KB Kookmin and NH NongHyup Card) reached a record 42.9942 trillion won. Financial authorities are reported to have capped this year’s growth in card issuers’ household lending balances at about 1% to 1.5% from the end of last year, citing household debt management. That is less than half last year’s target range of 3% to 5%.
Industry officials say the combination is weighing on both profitability and asset management. With bank lending standards tightening, demand from mid- and low-credit borrowers has been flowing to card issuers, they said. If card loans are also constrained, issuers’ capacity to supply credit could shrink, raising concerns about overall lending operations.
Regulators say they plan to offer incentives to encourage more mid-rate lending, but the industry argues the additional impact may be limited because volumes have already been expanded. “We have already increased mid-rate loans in line with the policy direction,” a card industry official said. “If card loans are regulated at the same time, it could make loan management itself difficult.”
* This article has been translated by AI.
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