Data science reveals how a 500-year Joseon Dynasty was brought to knees by own elites SEOUL, April 01 (AJP) - After surviving five centuries of invasions and internal coups, the Joseon Dynasty’s ultimate undoing was a systemic collapse of fairness that data scientists have now mapped for the first time. By analyzing 14,600 officials across the "Lee" regime's 500-year history, a joint research team from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Hong Kong universities has pinpointed exactly how power hoarding by a few elite families broke the state's back. The study, led by Professor Park Ju-yong of the KAIST Graduate School of Culture Technology, used complex systems science to track the Total Success Index (TSI). This metric measured an official’s achievement by combining their rank with their length of service. The data shows that for 400 years, the dynasty remained remarkably resilient because its civil service system maintained a level of merit-based social mobility. Even the bloody 1453 Gyeyu Jeongnan coup—which saw Grand Prince Su-yang seize the throne from his nephew, King Dan-jong—appears in the data as a localized shock rather than a systemic failure. The researchers' network analysis shows power shifting between royal factions, such as those surrounding Prince An-pyeong, but the broader bureaucratic machinery remained functional. The secret to the dynasty's final collapse was found in the data from the 19th century. The maps show a sudden, sharp stratification where a handful of clans, such as the Andong Kim and Pungyang Cho, effectively hijacked the state. By monopolizing the civil service exams and high-ranking offices through influence rather than talent, these families destroyed the meritocracy that had sustained the Lee family's rule for half a millennium. "The data proves that the fall of Joseon wasn't just a series of unfortunate events, but a structural death spiral," said Professor Park Ju-yong. "When the mechanism for fair recruitment broke, the foundation of the entire nation gave way." The research team, which included first author Dr. Choi Dong-hyuk, plans to use these digital humanities tools to compare South Korea's historical bureaucracy with other global empires to see if similar patterns of elite capture predicted their downfall as well. (Reference Information) Journal/Source: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications Title: Total Success Index and the Longitudinal Dynamics of Bureaucratic Stratification in Joseon Korea Link/DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2026.131353 2026-04-01 16:22:44

The mix of populist element in Korea's "war" budget raises eyebrows SEOUL, April 01 (AJP) - President Lee Jae Myung is set to pitch for a 26.2 trillion won ($17.4 billion) "war" extra budget Thursday before the ruling-dominant National Assembly as a "preemptive" defense against fallouts on the energy-dependent economy as the conflicts in the Middle East enters a second month. Determined to fend off bigger damage, Lee indicated during a cabinet meeting on Tuesday approving a supplementary budget — just the third month into the year — that he could bypass legislative approval, if necessary, by invoking rarely used emergency executive fiscal powers to press ahead with proactive budgeting. The emergency fiscal authority, stipulated under Article 76 of the Constitution, allows the president to issue measures with the force of law in times of severe economic or national crisis when legislative delays are untenable. It has been used only once in modern history — in 1993, when then-president Kim Young-sam enforced the financial real-name system. According to the National Assembly Budget Office (NABO), total expenditure in the 2026 budget stands at 727.9 trillion won. If the supplementary budget bill is passed, this year’s total government spending is expected to rise to 754.1 trillion won. The government maintains it can keep the managed fiscal deficit at 3.8 percent of GDP, as the extra budget could be financed through excess tax revenue from strong chip sales in the first quarter rather than additional debt issuance. The urgency reflects the scale of the shock. Oil prices have surged amid tensions around the Strait of Hormuz — a chokepoint for roughly one-fifth of global oil and LNG trade — exposing South Korea’s deep reliance on imported energy. The economic toll is already feeding through. The OECD has cut Korea’s growth outlook to 1.7 percent, while oil at around $100 per barrel could shave about 0.5 percentage point off annual growth, economists estimate. With the risk of the economy falling into a technical recession after contracting in the fourth quarter, international economists broadly see proactive fiscal policy as the right direction. “This is not just an energy problem; it is an inflation, exchange-rate, and confidence problem at the same time,” said Sumit Agarwal, a professor of finance and economics at the National University of Singapore (NUS). While fiscal intervention is justified, he advised it be “temporary, targeted, and explicitly linked to the shock.” Donghai Zhang, an economist at NUS, described the oil shock as effectively a “negative income shock” for an importing country like South Korea. “Temporary and targeted support can help cushion this,” he said, noting that lower- and middle-income households are more likely to spend additional income quickly, stabilizing demand in the short term. But Zhang also warned of a more insidious risk: inflation expectations. “Higher energy costs raise firms’ production costs and can spread beyond fuel and transportation. If expectations become unanchored, inflation becomes more persistent and more costly to reverse.” Under the “war” label, the budget package is explicitly designed to counter the energy shock. Of the total package, 10.1 trillion won is allocated to offset high oil prices, including compensation for refiners under a fuel price cap system and expanded public transport subsidies. Another 5 trillion won has been earmarked to cap fuel costs and ease transport expenses, including support for a temporary oil price ceiling and expanded public transport rebates. Additional measures target energy-vulnerable households and fuel-intensive sectors such as agriculture and fisheries. More controversial is the 4.8 trillion won set aside for direct cash transfers to roughly 35.8 million people — about 70 percent of the population — ranging from 100,000 to 600,000 won per person. The populist element ahead of the June 4 local elections has ignited heated debate even before reaching parliament. Rep. Kim Sang-wook, a lawmaker from the ruling Democratic Party of Korea and its candidate for mayor of Ulsan, framed the package as an urgent social safety measure. “High oil prices inevitably lead to high inflation, and that hits ordinary people hardest,” he said. “This is a ‘social disaster.’ The most vulnerable — low-income households and small businesses — must be protected, and speed is critical.” The opposition, however, sees something more cynical. Rep. Park Soo-young, the People Power Party’s ranking member on the National Assembly’s Strategy and Finance Committee, criticized the cash transfers as both inefficient and politically motivated. “If you subsidize fuel for 70 percent of the population, other prices — rice, meat, vegetables — will rise,” he argued. “Why not simply cut fuel taxes? Instead, this looks like vote-buying ahead of local elections.” The fiscal easing could also complicate monetary policy, as the inflationary effects of high oil prices are expected to seep through the economy in the coming months. David E. Cook of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology warned that broad price controls can backfire. “Capping consumer energy prices prevents efficient adjustment and makes the transition more costly overall,” he said. Massimo Filippini, professor of public and energy economics at ETH Zurich, urged a more forward-looking approach. “High energy prices, while painful, encourage households and firms to reduce consumption, improve efficiency, and adjust behavior,” he said, adding that such dynamics can ultimately support investment in cleaner and more efficient technologies. Korea’s vulnerability underscores its structural dependence on imported fossil fuels and reinforces the need to view the energy transition not only as a climate objective, but also as a strategy for economic resilience and security. “Overall, the most economically sound approach is a balanced mix: targeted support for households, conditional aid for firms, and policies that preserve incentives to reduce energy use,” he said. He added that the current crisis could serve as a turning point in how the energy transition is framed — less as an environmental imperative alone, and more as an issue of security, independence and quality of life. Agarwal suggested policymakers think in three layers: stabilize the short run, protect financial and external systems, and use the crisis to accelerate structural change. “The right policy is to protect households from an oil shock without pretending that the state can permanently shield the economy from global prices,” he said. Temporary measures — cash transfers, transport subsidies and targeted industry support — are relatively easy to enact. Rolling them back once the crisis subsides, however, will be far more difficult, he warned. 2026-04-01 16:18:22

Grand homecoming for award-winning K-pop Demon Hunters team SEOUL, April 01 (AJP) - Singer-songwriter EJAE still lives in the surreal “Golden” moment of the Oscars night she stole by winning Best Original Song for the Netflix animation K-pop Demon Hunters and performing the famously high-pitched “up, up, up” at the 98th Academy Awards. “I used to be teased in the United States, but standing on the Oscars stage and seeing the audience wave light sticks, I felt a deep sense of pride,” she said, her voice breaking as she received a warm welcome back home. EJAE joined fellow Oscar winners at a joint press conference at CGV Yongsan I’Park Mall in Seoul, alongside key figures behind the film, including co-directors Maggie Kang and Chris Appelhans, and producers from The Black Label’s IDO — Lee You-han, Kwak Jung-gyu and Nam Hee-dong. The event marked the film’s recent triumph at the 98th Academy Awards, where it secured both Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song — a rare double win that underscores the growing global influence of Korean content. Singer also recalled the emotional buildup to her performance, saying she became overwhelmed during rehearsals. “I cried a lot during rehearsal,” she said, adding that incorporating traditional Korean elements such as pansori and gugak made the performance especially meaningful. That emotional intensity carried onto the stage, where the performance drew strong reactions — including Hollywood actors seen waving light sticks, a signature element of K-pop fandom. Co-director Appelhans said Korean cultural identity would remain central to the sequel. “The Koreanness is the soul of the film,” he said, adding that the next installment will continue to draw on Korean cultural elements while expanding the story beyond the first film. The event highlighted a broader shift, as distinctly Korean cultural elements are increasingly being translated into content with global appeal rather than remaining confined to local narratives. Participants also pointed to the role of audiences in the film’s success, noting that global fans were instrumental in discovering and amplifying the film. While specific details of the sequel were not disclosed, Kang said the team aims to deliver a larger-scale project building on the success of the original. Released in June 2025, K-pop Demon Hunters follows a fictional K-pop girl group battling supernatural forces, blending music, fantasy and Korean mythology. The film has since garnered major international accolades, including the Golden Globes and the Grammys, culminating in its Oscar wins last month. 2026-04-01 16:15:52

South Korea’s Big Five Banks See Household Loans Fall in March on Tighter Rules, High Rates Major commercial banks’ household loan balances fell last month for the first time in two months, as stricter lending rules and high interest rates drove a sharp decline in mortgage lending. According to the financial sector on Tuesday, the combined household loan balance at the five largest banks — KB Kookmin, Shinhan, Hana, Woori and NH NongHyup — stood at 765.729 trillion won at the end of last month, down 136.4 billion won from a month earlier. After falling in December and January, the total edged up in February but slipped again. Mortgage loan balances fell to 610.3339 trillion won, down 387.2 billion won from the end of February. Mortgages turned lower in January for the first time in 1 year and 10 months, rebounded in February, but failed to sustain the rise. Unsecured credit loans, however, returned to growth. Personal credit loan balances totaled 104.6595 trillion won at the end of last month, up 347.5 billion won from the previous month, reversing a decline that had continued since December. Time deposits fell 9.4332 trillion won in a month to 937.4565 trillion won, and installment savings deposits slipped by 251.2 billion won. Demand deposits rose 15.0477 trillion won to 699.9081 trillion won. The downtrend in household lending is expected to persist for the time being. Financial authorities on Tuesday announced a “household loan management plan,” lowering this year’s target growth rate for household lending to 1.5% and introducing a total-volume cap that separately manages mortgage lending.* This article has been translated by AI. 2026-04-01 16:09:00

Seoul turns pink earlier than usual SEOUL, April 01 (AJP) -Full bloom suddenly arrived after heavy rain earlier this week. Cherry blossoms burst into full bloom around Seokchon Lake, soaking the lakeside in soft waves of pink and marking an early arrival of spring in the city. Petals clung to rain-darkened paths and shimmered on the lake’s surface, while the skyline — anchored by Lotte World Tower — stood framed by a fleeting canopy of blossoms. The city will formally welcome the season with the 2026 Lake Cherry Blossom Festival, set to run for nine days from April 3 through April 11. The '2026 Lake Cherry Blossom Festival' will be held around Seokchon Lake for nine days from April 3 through April 11. The festival has been extended by five days compared to last year. Landscape lighting has been installed along the entire 2.5km lakeside promenade, allowing visitors to enjoy the cherry blossom tunnel even at night. During the festival period, various exhibitions including installation art and media art will be presented. Programs for families, including Fashion Week, bubble shows, circus performances, and magic shows, will also take place. 2026-04-01 16:04:16

Toss CEO floats April Fools’ pledge to sell his home to cover rent for 100 staff Lee Seung-geon, CEO of Viva Republica, operator of the finance app Toss, said he plans to sell the home he lives in under his own name and use the profit to cover the full rent and loan interest for 100 Toss employees for life. With Lee known for making bold April Fools’ Day pledges in the past, attention is focused on whether he will follow through this time. According to the industry on Tuesday, Lee wrote on an internal messenger that he would "sell the home I currently live in that I own in my personal name, and with the capital gain created through that, I want to support the full rent and interest for 100 Toss team members for life." Lee said he has long seen it as a serious problem that some people make large profits from real estate while others struggle to get by because of housing costs. He said employees who pay rent or loan interest can enter their personal information by 9 p.m. Tuesday, and winners will be selected by lottery. He added that starting this month, selected employees who submit a copy of their lease contract or loan agreement would receive full support for rent or loan interest until they own a home. Based on past cases, however, it is considered likely that the pledge may not be carried out as stated. Lee has made eye-catching April Fools’ Day promises to employees before, but some were later reduced in scale or changed in how they were implemented. In 2022, he said he would give Teslas to 20 employees, but it was changed to a plan to lend the cars to 10 employees for free for one year. Last year, he handed out hundreds of invitations for a trip to Okinawa, Japan, but support ultimately went to 100 people. A Toss official said Lee posts messages around this time each year, but it is not clear whether this is an April Fools’ Day event. The official added that, based on past examples, Lee has often used April Fools’ Day to express gratitude to colleagues.* This article has been translated by AI. 2026-04-01 16:03:00

Kookmin University researchers to develop carbon absorption ecosystem restoration technology SEOUL, April 01 (AJP) - Researchers at Kookmin University have launched a new project to develop ecosystem restoration and management technologies designed to mitigate climate change and increase carbon sinks, the university said Monday. The new project is part of South Korea's government initiative designed to strengthen the country's natural environment restoration capability. The research team, led by Professor Im Chol-hee and Professor Lee Chang-bae from the Department of Forest Environmental Systems, was selected for a new initiative under the South Korean Ministry of Environment’s environmental technology development program. KMU will specifically focus on the carbon sink enhancement category of the project. Following recent amendments to the Natural Environment Conservation Act, South Korea has introduced new systems for the natural environment restoration industry. The government plans to invest in the development of restoration technologies over the next five years to help the industry expand and stabilize. KMU will receive approximately 3.5 billion won in funding over the five-year period. The research team aims to integrate artificial intelligence, drones, and advanced sensing technologies with soil and biotechnology. The project will move through several stages, from initial technical development to practical on-site demonstrations. The Korea Adaptation Center for Climate Change, various universities, registered restoration companies, and AI specialists will collaborate on the study to ensure the practical application of the new technologies. "It is highly significant that we are developing ecosystem restoration technology centered on carbon sinks, which is one of our university's primary strengths," said Professor Im Chol-hee. "We intend to take the lead in developing world-class technology by cooperating with both domestic industries and leading global institutions." The initiative aligns with the university's KMU VISION 2035: EDGE strategy, which focuses on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) values. Kookmin University is currently home to approximately 23,000 students across its undergraduate and graduate programs (Source: Kookmin University official website). 2026-04-01 15:57:12

SK Biopharmaceuticals Files FDA Application for Cenobamate Oral Suspension for Epilepsy SK Biopharmaceuticals said April 1 it has submitted a new drug application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for an oral suspension formulation of its epilepsy drug cenobamate. The filing seeks approval of an additional formulation following the existing tablet version, for adults with partial-onset seizures. The company said the liquid oral suspension is expected to improve convenience for patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets and allow more flexible dosing depending on a patient’s condition and treatment setting. SK Biopharmaceuticals said it has been expanding the drug’s use in clinical practice and is also conducting pediatric clinical development of cenobamate. Based on the adult NDA and pediatric trial results, the company said it plans to gradually expand the eligible age group to include pediatric and adolescent patients. At the 2025 annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society, the company presented poster data from a pharmacokinetic study comparing the tablet and oral suspension formulations. The two formulations showed generally similar absorption and drug exposure, indicating pharmacokinetic equivalence. Lee Dong-hoon, CEO of SK Biopharmaceuticals, said the oral suspension reflects the treatment needs of patients who struggle to take tablets. He said the company will continue to broaden patient-centered treatment options and address unmet medical needs across different patient groups to expand its prescribing base. * This article has been translated by AI. 2026-04-01 15:15:00

Pearl Abyss' latest RPG sells 4 million copies worldwide in less than two weeks SEOUL, April 1 (AJP) - Pearl Abyss' latest role-playing video game "Crimson Desert" has sold a cumulative 4 million copies worldwide, the game developer said on Wednesday. Over 2 million copies of the fantasy adventure game were sold immediately upon its release on March 19, surpassing 3 million just a few days later and reaching 4 million in less than two weeks. The game's success reflects its widespread popularity, achieving an unprecedented milestone for a South Korean game in the global console market. As a testament to its global appeal, more than half of its reviews on Steam, the world’s largest PC gaming platform, were written in English. As of 2024, North America and Europe are estimated to account for 74 percent of the global console market, which is valued at approximately US$53.7 billion. Crimson Desert is a single-player, open-world action-adventure RPG set on the fictional continent of Pywel, following the epic journey of a mercenary leader and his companions. The game is available on PlayStation 5, Xbox Series consoles and other platforms. 2026-04-01 15:07:17

‘K-Pop Demon Hunters’ Team Returns to Seoul After Winning Two Oscars K-pop’s “K-hunters” returned home with Oscar trophies, as a small story rooted in a Korean diaspora identity and a sincere focus on Korean culture made history for K-content. On the afternoon of April 1, a press conference marking the Academy Awards win for Netflix’s animated film “K-Pop Demon Hunters” was held at CGV Yongsan I’Park Mall in Seoul’s Yongsan district. Directors Maggie Kang and Chris Appelhans attended with composer EJAE (Lee Jae) and the producing team IDO (Lee Yoo-han, Kwak Jung-gyu and Nam Hee-dong). Since its release last June, “K-Pop Demon Hunters” has swept major awards, winning the 83rd Golden Globe for animated film and original song and the 68th Grammy Award for OST. At the 98th Academy Awards, it won best animated feature and best original song. Kang said the project began with a desire to see Korean culture reflected in animation. “When I was young, the animations I watched were like ‘Mulan,’ seen through Chinese culture, or Japanese animation. I had never seen a work that contained Korean culture,” she said. “I wanted to give that kind of film to Korea. I needed it, but I felt all Koreans needed it. We love animation, but we felt we didn’t have our own project, so we wanted to make one.” She also spoke about misconceptions surrounding Koreans raised abroad. “I thought there were misunderstandings about people who are called ‘gyopo,’” Kang said. “There are many cases — people born in Korea and those who weren’t — but sometimes gyopo think, ‘I’m not fully Korean.’” She added, “EJAE and I have worked in entertainment and reached global markets. As people who live in both cultures, I thought we could serve as a real bridge. I wanted to represent people like us — that even if you weren’t born and raised in Korea, you are part of Korean culture, and a different upbringing doesn’t diminish being Korean.” EJAE said she grew up split between Korea and the United States and remembered being mocked in the U.S. for loving K-pop. “I really liked K-pop. I liked g.o.d and H.O.T., but in the U.S. I was teased,” she said. “I came to Korea, lived as a trainee and worked on K-pop music, but I never imagined it would spread worldwide.” She said the Oscars stage felt like a reversal of that experience. “I used to be teased as a kid, but when I sang K-pop on the Oscars stage and saw the directors, actors and staff cheering, the lyric ‘unbreakable forever’ (from ‘Golden’) hit me and I cried,” she said. “I felt so proud.” The team also shared behind-the-scenes details from the Oscars opening performance, which featured dancers dressed as grim reapers wearing traditional gat hats and performers in elegant hanbok. The sequence began with “Hunters Mantra,” led by two singers performing pansori in Korean, and transitioned into Huntrix’s “Golden.” EJAE said she knew the stage would include Korean traditional music and pansori before “Golden,” but did not see the full “Hunters Mantra” performance until after the event. “After everything ended, I watched it and cried a lot,” she said. “Ray Ami and Audrey — they grew up in the U.S. and didn’t know much about Korean culture. I thought, ‘Finally, we can do our country’s pansori on a stage this big,’ and I felt proud as a Korean. It was satisfying and moving.” She added that she was too nervous to look into the audience during the performance, but later saw video of Leonardo DiCaprio and Emma Stone enjoying the stage while holding light sticks. “I was really surprised. I didn’t expect that,” she said. “I thought, ‘This is the power of K.’” The team said they decided who would speak onstage by playing rock-paper-scissors. “We decide everything fairly with rock-paper-scissors. It’s completely Korean,” Kwak said. “Going to the Golden Globes and giving the Oscars acceptance speech were decided that way, so Lee Yoo-han went onstage.” Lee Yoo-han said he regretted not being able to say everything because of time limits. “I wanted to say to everyone’s families, to The Black Label producers, and to our members, ‘You worked hard, congratulations,’” he said. “It was a short speech, and I was disappointed I couldn’t say it onstage. But it was an honor, and I really enjoyed it.” Nam said there were no major points left unsaid. “We all discussed what to say, and there’s nothing we didn’t say,” he said. “I enjoyed everything from behind — watching the actors from the stage, and everything unexpected. It was all enjoyable and an honor.” A possible sequel was also discussed. “I still want to keep it secret,” Kang said. “I want to show it without a single spoiler. We have the big idea, but we don’t know the details yet. Like the first film, Chris and I will make the movie we want to see. It will be bigger than the first, with more events.” Appelhans said the relationship between the film and its fans shaped how the team thinks about a second installment. “Our relationship with the fans is special,” he said. “I think the fans found our film, discovered it and introduced it to the world. They feel like family who have been with us from the beginning.” “If we make a second film, we want to bring what we had in the first,” he said. “That doesn’t mean repetition. It means surprising fans, overturning expectations and expanding the limits. Under all of that, I think there has to be ‘Koreanness’ — whether it’s the story, the culture or the mythic elements. Based on that, we want to break new rules and present a new story.” Appelhans said he has come to understand Korean life through his family. “I’ve lived as part of my family, my wife’s family, for 20 years,” he said. “I came to know Korean life by understanding my wife’s life — not by studying or observing, but by becoming part of it. I’ve been surprised watching how Koreans express love and endure pain. I think I’ve lived more than half my life with Korean ways of expression, and that’s how I learned and came to know ‘Koreanness.’” On the scale of a sequel, Appelhans said Netflix has provided strong support and is enthusiastic about the next project, while stressing that story comes first. “As film directors, we feel responsible for how we use the budget we’re given,” he said. “When we write, build the world and design characters, we work with the mindset of delivering the coolest spectacle. If you think of the budget as a ‘box,’ a bigger box can mean something. But what matters most is the story inside it. That foundation has to come first for the spectacle to work.” “K-Pop Demon Hunters” is an action-fantasy animated film about K-pop superstars Rumi, Mira and Joy, who become hidden heroes protecting the world behind their glamorous stage lives. Released last June, it ranked No. 1 in all-time Netflix film viewing hours and recorded 325.1 million views over 91 days after its release. * This article has been translated by AI. 2026-04-01 15:06:31